Bitcoin Solaris
  • Introduction
    • Project Overview
      • Technology Overview
      • Modernizing Bitcoin for DeFi Integration
      • Integrating Solana: Enhancing Bitcoin Solaris
  • Blockchain Information
    • Blockchain Architecture
      • Hybrid PoW/DPoS Consensus Mechanism
    • Dual-Layer Blockchain
    • Gas and Fee Structure
    • Validators in the Bitcoin Solaris Network
      • Validator Selection and Rotation
    • Smart Contract Programming Language and Layers
      • Smart Contract Functionality
    • Official RPC Providers for Bitcoin Solaris
  • Token Information
    • Token Supply and Issuance
    • Bridging
    • Use Cases and Applications
    • sBTC-S Liquid Staking
    • Governance Model
    • Token Migration
  • Project Roadmap
  • Mining Information
    • Overview
    • Reward Distribution System
    • Solaris Nova Mining App
    • Mining Power Marketplace
    • Mining Devices and Specifications
  • Security Information
    • Security and Risk Management
    • Audit Reports
  • Development Team
  • Understanding Privacy
    • For Developers
    • For Users
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  1. Blockchain Information

Blockchain Architecture

PreviousIntegrating Solana: Enhancing Bitcoin SolarisNextHybrid PoW/DPoS Consensus Mechanism

Last updated 14 days ago

This section delineates the technical specifications of the Bitcoin Solaris blockchain, elucidating our innovative dual-layer structure that synthesizes Bitcoin's robust security model with cutting-edge blockchain technology.

  1. Dual-Layer Architecture

Bitcoin Solaris implements a bifurcated architecture:

a) Base Layer:

  • Preserves Bitcoin's battle-tested security paradigm

  • Facilitates core transactions and maintains the primary distributed ledger

  • Utilizes Nakamoto Consensus via Proof-of-Work (PoW)

b) Solaris Layer:

  • Enables advanced functionalities and enhanced scalability

  • Supports Turing-complete smart contracts and decentralized applications (dApps)

  • Implements Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPoS) consensus

  1. Block Parameters

a) Block Size:

  • Base Layer: 2MB (fixed)

  • Solaris Layer: Dynamic, with an upper bound of 32MB

The increased block size facilitates higher transaction throughput while maintaining network efficiency. The Solaris Layer's dynamic block size employs an adaptive algorithm to optimize performance during varying network loads.

b) Block Time:

  • Base Layer: 300 seconds (5 minutes)

  • Solaris Layer: 15 seconds

The reduced block time on both layers significantly enhances transaction finality compared to Bitcoin, while the Solaris Layer's ultra-low latency enables near-instantaneous confirmations for quotidian transactions and dApp interactions.

  1. Consensus Mechanism

Our hybrid consensus model leverages the strengths of both PoW and DPoS:

a) Base Layer (PoW):

  • Algorithm: SHA-256 (maintaining compatibility with extant Bitcoin ASIC infrastructure)

  • Difficulty Adjustment: Every 1008 blocks (≈3.5 days), utilizing a modified exponential moving average

  • Block Reward: Initial issuance of 6.25 BTC-S, halving every 210,000 blocks (≈4 years)

b) Solaris Layer (DPoS):

  • 21 active validators, elected through a stake-weighted voting mechanism

  • Validator set rotation occurs every 86,400 seconds (24 hours) to ensure adequate decentralization

  • Staking requirement: Minimum 10,000 BTC-S to qualify as a validator candidate

  1. Network Parameters

a) Total Supply: 21,000,000 BTC-S (mirroring Bitcoin's deflationary issuance model)

b) Initial Token Distribution:

  • 15% pre-mined for development, marketing, and ecosystem bootstrapping

  • 5% allocated to the founding team (subject to a 48-month linear vesting schedule)

  • 80% to be minted through PoW on the Base Layer

c) Transaction Fee Structure:

  • Base Layer: Dynamic fee market, implementing a modified version of Bitcoin's fee estimation algorithm

  • Solaris Layer: Gas fee model, denominated in BTC-S, with a base fee and priority fee component

d) Interoperability Protocols:

  • Cross-chain atomic swaps supported for major cryptocurrencies via Hash Time-Locked Contracts (HTLCs)

  • Wrapped BTC-S tokens for DeFi applications on heterogeneous chains, utilizing a federated peg mechanism

  1. Smart Contract Functionality

The Solaris Layer supports Turing-complete smart contracts:

  • Language: Solidity (ensuring compatibility with existing Ethereum development toolchains)

  • Gas Limit: 30 million units (adjustable through on-chain governance mechanisms)

  • Execution Environment: Bitcoin Solaris Virtual Machine (BSVM), a modified EVM with enhanced opcodes

  1. Scalability Enhancements

  • Sharding: Implemented on the Solaris Layer, allowing for parallel transaction processing across multiple shards

  • Lightning Network compatibility: Enables off-chain transactions for micropayments through bidirectional payment channels

  • Schnorr Signatures: Implemented on both layers for improved multi-signature operations, privacy, and reduced transaction sizes

  1. Governance and Protocol Upgrades

  • On-chain governance for protocol upgrades and parameter adjustments

  • Proposal submission requires an escrow of 1,000 BTC-S

  • Voting period: 1,209,600 seconds (14 days)

  • Approval Threshold: 75% supermajority of participating stake

  1. Privacy Enhancements

  • Optional confidential transactions utilizing zero-knowledge succinct non-interactive arguments of knowledge (zk-SNARKs) on the Solaris Layer

  • CoinJoin implementation on the Base Layer for improved fungibility and transaction graph obfuscation

This architecture enables Bitcoin Solaris to achieve a theoretical maximum throughput of 3,000 transactions per second (TPS) on the Base Layer and up to 100,000 TPS on the Solaris Layer, positioning it as a highly scalable and versatile blockchain platform while maintaining the fundamental principles of Bitcoin's original vision.